Effective Scoliosis Management: Nutrition and Supplements

Key Highlights

• Effective scoliosis management often requires a comprehensive approach that goes beyond traditional treatment options.
• Nutrition plays a vital role in supporting bone health and maintaining a healthy weight, which is crucial for managing a spinal curve.
• Key supplements, including calcium, vitamin D, and magnesium, can help strengthen the spine and potentially offer pain relief.
• Genetic testing, such as the CurveIQ genetic report, offers personalized insights into your scoliosis, allowing for tailored nutrition and supplement recommendations.
• Combining proper nutrition and targeted supplements with physical therapy and other non-surgical methods can significantly improve your quality of life.
• Understanding your specific type of scoliosis is the first step toward creating an effective and personalized treatment plan that works for you.

Introduction

Receiving a scoliosis diagnosis can feel overwhelming, bringing up questions about back pain, daily limitations, and the best course of action. While traditional treatment options like bracing and surgery are well-known, a crucial and often overlooked aspect of scoliosis management is nutrition and supplementation. Your diet provides the essential building blocks for strong bones and muscles, which are fundamental to supporting your spine. This article will explore how a targeted approach to nutrition, combined with specific supplements, can become a powerful part of your overall treatment plan. We will also discuss how modern tools like genetic testing can create a personalized roadmap to help you manage your condition effectively and improve your overall well-being.

Understanding Scoliosis and Its Impact on Health

Scoliosis is a medical condition defined by a sideways curvature of the spine, often appearing in an “S” or “C” shape. While it can affect people of all ages, it’s most commonly identified during adolescence. The majority of scoliosis cases are classified as idiopathic scoliosis, which means the exact cause is unknown. The severity of the curve can vary widely, from mild deviations that require only observation to more significant spinal deformities that may need active treatment.

The impact of scoliosis on your health depends largely on the degree of the spinal curve. In many cases of scoliosis, the condition is mild and may not cause noticeable symptoms. However, more severe curvature of the spine can lead to back pain, uneven posture, and in rare instances, affect lung and heart function. Understanding the nature of this condition is the first step in seeking a proper diagnosis and exploring the right management strategies for your unique situation.

At its core, scoliosis is a three-dimensional deformity of the spine. Instead of a straight line down your back, the spine develops a sideways spinal curve. A diagnosis is typically made when this curve measures 10 degrees or more on an X-ray. This condition is different from poor posture or kyphosis, which is a forward rounding of the back, although the two can sometimes occur together. Most scoliosis cases are idiopathic, meaning there is no clear cause.

There are two main categories of scoliosis: structural and nonstructural. Nonstructural scoliosis, also known as functional scoliosis, involves a temporary curve caused by an underlying issue like a difference in leg length or muscle spasms. Once the root cause is addressed, the spine straightens out. In contrast, structural scoliosis involves a fixed curvature of the spine caused by malformed vertebrae or other issues. This type of curve does not go away by simply changing your body position.

The most effective treatment options for managing scoliosis depend on several factors, including your age, the severity of your curve, and whether the curve is progressing. Options range from observation for mild cases to physical therapy, bracing (like a ScoliSMART Scoliosis Brace), and, in more severe instances, scoliosis surgery. The ScoliSMART Activity Suit is another innovative, non-surgical option designed to retrain the brain and muscles for a more natural posture. A comprehensive scoliosis treatment plan often combines several of these approaches for the best outcome.

Early signs and diagnosis of scoliosis

Early detection is key to managing scoliosis effectively, especially in children and adolescents. Often, the first person to notice the signs is a family member, a school nurse during a screening, or a pediatrician. The symptoms of scoliosis are primarily visual, as mild curves rarely cause pain in younger individuals. Recognizing these subtle changes can prompt a visit to a specialist for a formal evaluation.

During a physical exam, a doctor will look for visible asymmetries. One common screening tool is the Adams forward-bending test, where you bend forward at the waist with your arms hanging down. This position can make a spinal curve or rib cage asymmetry more apparent. If a curve is suspected, the doctor may use a scoliometer to measure the angle of trunk rotation. Some of the most common early signs to look out for include:

• One shoulder blade appearing more prominent than the other
• Uneven shoulders, with one sitting higher than the other
• An uneven waist or one hip appearing higher
• The body leaning to one side

A definitive diagnosis of scoliosis is confirmed with imaging tests. X-rays taken from the front and side allow the doctor to measure the precise degree of the curvature, known as the Cobb angle. Your doctor will also ask about your family history, as scoliosis can have a genetic component. Based on these findings, a specialist like The Scoliosis Doctor can determine the severity of the condition and recommend the next steps.

Causes and Risk Factors for Scoliosis

The most common type of scoliosis, adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, has no known cause, which can be frustrating for patients and families seeking answers. However, researchers have identified several risk factors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition. Genetics appears to play a significant role, as scoliosis often runs in families. If a parent or sibling has scoliosis, your risk of developing it is higher.

Other risk factors depend on the specific type of scoliosis. For example, degenerative scoliosis is caused by the natural wear and tear on the spinal discs and joints that comes with aging. Age is also a factor in progression; curves are more likely to worsen during growth spurts before a person reaches skeletal maturity. Gender is another key factor, as girls are significantly more likely than boys to have curves that progress and require treatment.

Genetic and environmental risk factors

While the term “idiopathic” means the cause is unknown, strong evidence points to genetic factors as a major contributor to many cases of scoliosis. It’s not uncommon to find multiple family members across different generations affected by the condition. Your family history is one of the most significant predictors. Researchers have identified several genes that may be associated with the development and progression of spinal curves, though the exact inheritance pattern is complex and not fully understood.

Beyond genetics, certain environmental factors and nutritional deficiencies are being explored for their potential role in scoliosis. While no single environmental trigger has been definitively proven to cause scoliosis, a combination of genetic predisposition and external influences may be at play. This is an active area of research, as understanding these connections could lead to new prevention and treatment strategies.

Identifying these risk factors helps doctors assess who might be more vulnerable to developing scoliosis or experiencing curve progression. Key risk factors include:

• Family History: Having a close relative with scoliosis.
• Age: The condition is most commonly diagnosed during the pre-pubescent growth spurt (ages 10-15).
• Gender: Girls have a much higher risk of the curve worsening and needing treatment.
• Certain Medical Conditions: Neuromuscular conditions like cerebral palsy or muscular dystrophy can lead to scoliosis.

Types of scoliosis and who is at risk

Scoliosis is not a one-size-fits-all condition. There are several different types, each with its own cause and typical patient profile. Understanding the specific type you have is crucial because it influences the management strategy and the likelihood of curve progression. For instance, treatment for a growing teen with idiopathic scoliosis will differ greatly from that for an adult with degenerative scoliosis.

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is the most prevalent form, accounting for about 80% of all cases. It appears in children between the ages of 10 and 18, and as mentioned, girls are at a higher risk of progression. In contrast, adult scoliosis can either be a continuation of AIS that wasn’t treated in youth or a new condition called degenerative scoliosis, which develops due to age-related changes in the spine. Other types, like congenital (present at birth) and neuromuscular (caused by another medical condition), are less common but often more complex.

Different management strategies are indeed necessary for these various types. A temporary, nonstructural scoliosis curve might resolve by treating the underlying cause, while structural curves require active management. Here’s a brief overview of some common types:

Type of Scoliosis	Typical Age of Onset	Common Cause
Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis	10-18 years	Unknown (strong genetic link)
Degenerative Scoliosis	Adults (usually over 50)	Age-related wear and tear on the spine
Congenital Scoliosis	At birth	Malformation of vertebrae in the womb
Neuromuscular Scoliosis	Varies	Underlying condition like cerebral palsy or muscular dystrophy

Personalized Nutrition Plans with CurveIQ Genetic Report

Imagine if your scoliosis treatment plan was tailored not just to your curve, but to your unique genetic makeup. This is now a reality with advanced genetic testing. The CurveIQ genetic report is a revolutionary tool that analyzes your DNA to provide insights into your body’s predisposition for scoliosis progression. This information moves beyond a one-size-fits-all approach and allows for a truly personalized scoliosis treatment strategy.

By understanding your genetic profile, you and your doctor can make more informed decisions. For example, the report can highlight potential risks related to bone health, nutrient absorption, or collagen formation. This enables the creation of a customized nutrition and supplement plan designed to support your body’s specific needs, helping to fortify your spine from the inside out and forming a key part of your long-term management.

How the CurveIQ genetic report works

The CurveIQ genetic report is a non-invasive genetic testing tool that begins with a simple saliva sample. This sample is sent to a lab where your DNA is analyzed for specific genetic markers that have been scientifically linked to the risk of scoliosis curve progression. It’s not a tool for the diagnosis of scoliosis itself, but rather a predictive test for those already diagnosed, particularly for individuals with idiopathic scoliosis.

The report provides a risk assessment score, helping to predict whether a spinal curve is likely to remain stable or has a high probability of worsening over time. This information is invaluable for creating a proactive treatment plan. Instead of waiting to see if a curve progresses, you can take immediate, targeted action. For parents of a child with scoliosis, this can provide peace of mind and a clear path forward.

Understanding your genetic risk profile is a powerful lifestyle change that supports long-term scoliosis management. According to ScoliSMART, this test “identifies scoliosis curve progression risk with 99% accuracy.” [1] This allows you and your healthcare provider at www.TheScoliosisDoctor.com to decide on the intensity of treatment, whether it’s moving forward with a ScoliSMART Activity Suit, focusing on intensive physical therapy, or implementing a highly specific nutritional strategy. It empowers you to be proactive rather than reactive in your care.

Using genetic insights for custom nutrition and supplement recommendations

The real power of the CurveIQ genetic report lies in its ability to guide personalized treatment options. The genetic insights it provides can reveal your body’s unique needs when it comes to nutrition and supplements. For example, the test might show that you have a genetic variation that affects how your body absorbs and uses vitamin D or metabolizes B vitamins—both crucial for bone health and neurological function. This is how scoliosis management can differ significantly between individuals, even if their curves look similar on an X-ray.

Armed with this knowledge, your doctor can move beyond generic advice and recommend a targeted nutritional strategy. If your report indicates a potential weakness in collagen synthesis, your plan might include foods and supplements that support collagen production. This level of personalization ensures that your body gets exactly what it needs to build a stronger, more resilient spine, which can help manage the scoliosis curve and improve your overall quality of life.

This targeted approach is different for adults and children. For a child who is still growing, the focus might be on providing the essential nutrients to support healthy bone development and potentially slow curve progression. For an adult, the goal might be to maintain bone density, reduce inflammation, and manage pain. Based on genetic insights, recommendations can be tailored, such as:

• Increasing intake of specific vitamins or minerals through diet.
• Adding targeted supplements to address a genetic deficiency.
• Focusing on anti-inflammatory foods if there’s a predisposition to inflammation.
• Ensuring adequate protein for muscle support around the spine.

The Importance of Nutrition in Scoliosis Management

When managing scoliosis, what you eat matters more than you might think. Proper nutrition is the foundation of good bone health, providing the raw materials your body needs to build and maintain strong vertebrae. A well-balanced diet contributes directly to your spinal health and can be a powerful tool in your overall treatment plan. Maintaining a healthy weight is also critical, as excess weight puts additional strain on your spine and can exacerbate discomfort.

Focusing on nutrition can also significantly enhance your quality of life. A diet rich in anti-inflammatory foods can help reduce pain and stiffness, while adequate nutrient intake supports the energy levels needed for physical therapy and daily activities. While nutrition alone won’t correct a curve, it creates an optimal internal environment for your body to respond to other treatments, potentially influencing how quickly a curve may progress if left without supportive care.

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Essential nutrients for bone and spine health

Your spine is a living structure made of bones, just like the rest of your skeleton. To keep it strong and healthy, you need a steady supply of specific vitamins and minerals. Think of these nutrients as the “construction crew” for your skeletal system. Without the right materials, the structure can weaken over time, which is particularly concerning when dealing with a condition like scoliosis.

While research is ongoing, there is a strong belief in the medical community that optimizing nutrition can support the body’s ability to manage scoliosis. A nutrient-dense diet helps ensure your bones have the density and strength to withstand the abnormal forces created by a spinal curve. Can proper nutrition and supplements slow scoliosis progression? By supporting overall bone health, they create a stronger foundation, which may help in managing the condition, though they are not a substitute for prescribed treatments like bracing.

Maintaining a healthy weight through a balanced diet also reduces mechanical stress on the spine. Key nutrients essential for bone and spine health include:

• Calcium: The primary building block of bones. Found in dairy products, leafy greens, and fortified foods.
• Vitamin D: Crucial for calcium absorption. Your body produces it from sun exposure, and it’s also in fatty fish and fortified milk.
• Magnesium: Works with calcium to build bone and also helps with muscle function. Found in nuts, seeds, and whole grains.
• Vitamin K: Activates proteins that help mineralize bones. Abundant in green leafy vegetables like kale and spinach.
• Protein: Forms the structural matrix of bone and is vital for muscle strength to support the spine.
• Zinc: A mineral that assists in bone formation.

How balanced diets support scoliosis care

Incorporating a balanced diet into your daily life is one of the most impactful lifestyle changes you can make for long-term scoliosis management. It’s not about restrictive eating; it’s about making conscious choices to fuel your body with what it needs to thrive. A well-rounded diet supports your scoliosis care by addressing several key areas simultaneously: bone health, muscle strength, and inflammation.

When you eat a variety of whole foods, you provide your body with a wide spectrum of nutrients that work together synergistically. For example, calcium needs vitamin D to be absorbed properly, and magnesium helps regulate calcium levels. This teamwork is essential for building and maintaining strong bones capable of supporting a curved spine. A good diet also helps you maintain a healthy weight, which is critical for reducing the load on your back and improving your overall quality of life.

Furthermore, some foods have natural anti-inflammatory properties. Chronic inflammation can contribute to pain and discomfort in people with scoliosis. By incorporating foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids (like salmon and walnuts) and antioxidants (like berries and dark leafy greens), your diet can actively help manage pain symptoms. This nutritional support makes it easier to participate in physical therapy and other activities, creating a positive cycle of health and well-being.

Key Supplements for Scoliosis Support

While a healthy diet should always be your primary source of nutrients, supplements can play a crucial role in filling any gaps, especially for individuals with scoliosis. Specific vitamins and minerals are directly involved in bone formation, muscle function, and tissue repair. Supplementation ensures your body has an optimal supply of these key players to support your spinal health.

The goal of using supplements is not to “cure” the scoliosis curve but to create the best possible internal environment for managing it. By strengthening the skeletal structure and supporting the surrounding muscles, you may help your body better cope with the deformity. When combined with other treatments, a targeted supplement regimen can be a powerful component in a comprehensive plan aimed at improving stability and potentially influencing the long-term behavior of the curve.

Best vitamins and minerals for spinal health

To effectively support your spinal health, focusing on the right combination of vitamins and minerals is essential. These nutrients are the fundamental building blocks for strong bones and play a role in nerve function and muscle health, which can contribute to pain relief. For someone with a spinal curve, ensuring an adequate supply of these nutrients is even more critical.

Proper nutrition and targeted supplements can be a supportive measure in a scoliosis treatment plan. While they won’t reverse a curve, they are vital for bone health. According to the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, “Getting enough calcium and vitamin D in your diet can help keep your bones strong.” [2] Stronger bones may be better equipped to handle the stresses of scoliosis, which could theoretically help in managing progression.

Here are some of the most important vitamins and minerals to consider for supporting your spine:

• Vitamin D3: Often called the “sunshine vitamin,” it is essential for absorbing calcium from your gut. Without enough D3, calcium cannot be effectively used to build bone.
• Vitamin K2: This vitamin helps direct calcium to your bones and teeth and away from soft tissues like arteries. It works in tandem with Vitamin D3.
• Calcium: The most well-known mineral for bone density. It provides the rigid structure of your skeleton.
• Magnesium: This mineral is a cofactor in over 300 enzymatic reactions, including those involved in bone formation and muscle contraction. It helps balance calcium levels.
• Collagen: As the main protein in connective tissue, collagen provides the flexible matrix for bone and is crucial for disc health.
• Omega-3 Fatty Acids: Known for their anti-inflammatory properties, they can help manage the joint pain and inflammation sometimes associated with scoliosis.

Navigating the world of supplements can be confusing, but choosing high-quality products is vital for safety and effectiveness. Not all supplements are created equal. The industry is not as tightly regulated as pharmaceuticals, so it’s up to you to be a savvy consumer. The first and most important step is to consult with your healthcare provider, like The Scoliosis Doctor, before starting any new supplement regimen.

How do you know if a supplement is right for your type of scoliosis? Your doctor can help answer this based on your specific health profile, blood tests, and potentially a genetic report like CurveIQ. This ensures the supplements you take are tailored to your body’s actual needs rather than just general recommendations. A personalized approach maximizes benefits and minimizes risks, contributing to a better quality of life as part of your overall scoliosis treatment.

When selecting supplements, look for indicators of quality and purity. This helps ensure you are getting what the label promises without harmful contaminants. Here are a few things to look for:

• Third-Party Testing: Look for seals from organizations like NSF International, USP (U.S. Pharmacopeia), or ConsumerLab.com. This indicates the product was independently tested for purity and potency.
• Bioavailable Forms: Choose supplements with nutrient forms that your body can easily absorb, such as magnesium glycinate or vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol).
• Minimal Fillers and Additives: Check the “other ingredients” list for unnecessary fillers, artificial colors, and allergens.
• Clear Dosage Information: The label should clearly state the amount of the active ingredient per serving.

Physical Therapy and Lifestyle in Scoliosis Management

Beyond nutrition and supplements, physical therapy and daily lifestyle choices are cornerstones of effective scoliosis management. Physical therapy plays a proactive role by strengthening muscles, improving posture, and enhancing mobility. It’s not just about doing exercises; it’s about retraining your body to move in a more balanced and efficient way, which can lead to significant pain relief.

Your habits in daily life also have a profound impact on your spine. How you sit, stand, and move throughout the day can either help or hinder your progress. By incorporating specific exercises and mindful habits into your routine, you can actively support the treatment options recommended by your doctor and take control of your spinal health.

Exercises that benefit scoliosis patients

Physical therapy is a critical component of non-surgical scoliosis treatment, aiming to improve posture, strengthen key muscles, and provide pain relief. Unlike general exercise, scoliosis-specific physical therapy is tailored to your unique curve pattern. The goal is to create a more stable and balanced torso by strengthening the weak, overstretched muscles and elongating the tight, overworked ones.

One of the most well-known specialized physical therapy approaches is the Schroth Method. This technique uses specific exercises and rotational breathing techniques to de-rotate, elongate, and stabilize the spine in a three-dimensional plane. A trained therapist teaches you how to correct your posture and breathing in daily activities, empowering you to manage your condition proactively. The objective is to halt curve progression, reduce pain, and improve overall function.

Beyond specialized methods, a physical therapist can guide you through a variety of beneficial exercises. These exercises are designed to build a strong core and support the back muscles, taking pressure off the spine. Effective exercises often include:

• Core Strengthening: Planks and bird-dog exercises to stabilize the torso.
• Postural Correction: Exercises that teach you to actively correct your posture.
• Stretching: Gentle stretches for tight muscles, particularly on the concave side of the curve.
• Symmetry-Focused Movements: Unilateral exercises (like single-arm rows) to address muscle imbalances.
• Breathing Exercises: Techniques to expand the collapsed areas of the rib cage.

Everyday habits for better spinal health

Supporting your spinal health goes beyond your scheduled appointments and exercise sessions; it’s woven into the fabric of your daily life. The small, consistent habits you adopt can make a significant difference in your comfort, posture, and overall quality of life. These lifestyle changes are a fundamental part of any long-term scoliosis management plan, working in harmony with your formal treatment.

Being mindful of your posture throughout the day is one of the most powerful habits to cultivate. Whether you are sitting at a desk, standing in line, or looking at your phone, try to maintain a neutral spine with your head over your shoulders and your shoulders over your hips. It may feel unnatural at first, but with practice, good posture can become second nature, reducing strain on your back.

Integrating healthy habits into your routine is a proactive way to support your treatment plan and enhance your well-being. Consider incorporating these simple yet effective activities into your daily life:

• Ergonomic Workspace: Adjust your chair, desk, and computer screen to support a neutral posture while you work or study.
• Mindful Movement: Pay attention to how you lift objects, always bending at the knees instead of the waist.
• Regular Breaks: If you sit for long periods, get up, stretch, and walk around every 30-60 minutes.
• Supportive Sleep: Sleep on a firm mattress and use pillows to support the natural curves of your body, often on your back or side.

Complementary Non-Surgical Approaches

For the vast majority of individuals with scoliosis, surgery is not the first or only answer. A wide range of non-surgical treatment options can effectively manage symptoms, slow curve progression, and improve quality of life. This conservative treatment approach focuses on supporting the spine and body through less invasive means. These methods are often used in combination to create a holistic and personalized scoliosis treatment plan.

From specialized physical therapies to bracing and chiropractic care, these non-surgical methods offer powerful tools for pain relief and functional improvement. Some patients may also find relief from modalities like massage or acupuncture, which can help ease muscle tension and discomfort. The goal of these complementary approaches is to empower you with strategies to manage your condition actively, helping you lead a full and comfortable life without the need for surgical intervention.

The role of physical therapy, bracing, and chiropractic care

Physical therapy, bracing, and chiropractic care are three of the most common and effective non-surgical methods for managing scoliosis. Physical therapy, as discussed, focuses on scoliosis-specific exercises to improve muscle balance and posture. It is a cornerstone of conservative treatment for patients of all ages, helping to build a stronger, more supportive core.

Brace treatment is primarily used for adolescents who are still growing and have a moderate curve (typically between 25 and 45 degrees). A scoliosis brace, like a ScoliSMART Scoliosis Brace, is designed to apply external pressure to the spine to prevent the curve from getting worse. While it doesn’t correct the existing curve, studies have shown it can successfully halt progression in a high percentage of patients, potentially helping them avoid surgery. The type of brace and how long it’s worn depends on the location and severity of the curve.

Chiropractic care can also play a supportive role, primarily in managing pain and improving mobility. A chiropractor may use gentle adjustments to help relieve pressure on nerves and reduce muscle tension. While chiropractic adjustments do not correct the structural curve of scoliosis, many patients find it provides significant symptom relief. When considering these options, it’s best to work with practitioners experienced in treating scoliosis. These non-surgical methods include:

• Scoliosis-specific physical therapy (e.g., Schroth Method)
• Customized brace treatment for growing adolescents
• Chiropractic care for symptom and pain relief
• Over-the-counter pain relievers for managing discomfort as needed

Conclusion

In summary, managing scoliosis effectively requires a holistic approach that prioritizes nutrition and supplementation tailored to individual needs. The CurveIQ genetic report stands out as a valuable tool for offering personalized insights into dietary needs and supplement choices. By understanding the specific nutrients essential for bone and spine health, you can make informed decisions that support your scoliosis management journey. Remember, proper nutrition combined with a healthy lifestyle can significantly contribute to your overall well-being. If you’re eager to learn more about how to optimize your nutrition for scoliosis care, don’t hesitate to reach out for a free consultation with our experts. Your path to better spinal health begins with informed choices!

Frequently Asked Questions

Can proper nutrition and supplements slow scoliosis progression?

While nutrition and supplements cannot cure or reverse scoliosis, they play a vital supportive role in your scoliosis treatment. By providing your body with the essential building blocks for strong bones, such as calcium, vitamin D, and magnesium, you can optimize your skeletal health. This creates a stronger foundation that may be better able to withstand the forces of a curve. A nutrient-dense diet, combined with targeted supplements, is a key part of a comprehensive plan to manage the severity of the curve and support overall well-being.

Are there age-specific nutrition guidelines for children and adults with scoliosis?

Yes, nutrition guidelines are often adjusted based on the patient’s age. For children and adolescents with scoliosis, the focus of nutrition is on supporting healthy growth and bone development to build a strong spine during their formative years. For adult scoliosis cases, the treatment plan may emphasize nutrition to maintain bone density, prevent osteoporosis, reduce inflammation, and manage pain. A personalized nutrition plan will always consider age-specific needs to achieve the best possible outcomes.

How do I know if a supplement is right for my type of scoliosis?

The best way to know if a supplement is right for you is to consult with a healthcare professional who specializes in scoliosis. They can assess your specific type of scoliosis, review bloodwork, and consider your overall health profile. Advanced tools like the CurveIQ genetic report can provide even more personalized insights into your body’s unique needs. This tailored approach ensures that your supplement regimen is safe, effective, and aligned with your other treatment options.

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References [1] ScoliSMART. (n.d.). Genetic Scoliosis Testing. Retrieved from https://www.scolismart.com/scoliosis-treatment/genetic-testing/ [2] National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases. (2023, October). Kids and Their Bones: A Guide for Parents. Retrieved from https://www.bones.nih.gov/health-info/bone/bone-health/kids/kids-and-their-bones